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Holding company vs operating company

A **holding company** owns stakes in other companies; an **operating company** runs day-to-day business. Startups sometimes separate them for tax, liability, or cross-border structure — especially when investors want a familiar topco.

Related: Emerging market · Cap table · Venture capital (VC)

A bit more nuance
  • Details are jurisdiction-specific; names and tax treatment vary by country.
  • The goal is usually clean ownership and simpler investing — not cleverness for its own sake.
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Discussion questions
  • What problem would a holdco solve for your investors and employees?
  • Where do you need local counsel vs a generic template?

Educational reference only — not legal, tax, or investment advice. Terms vary by country and deal; ask a qualified professional when it matters.